On December 2018, Pres. Rodrigo Duterte signed Executive Order 70, institutionalizing the “whole-of-nation approach” to supposedly address the internal armed conflict in the Philippines. The joint AFP-PNP counterinsurgency program, which succeeds Oplan Kapayapaan and now goes by the name Oplan Kapanatagan, and by which the whole-of-nation approach gains traction, aims to use government agencies and […]
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